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circa 1870, Jabez Burns,
Founder of Jabez Burns & Sons
Courtesy of The Margaret Burmeister Family |
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So that
you, dear reader, may place this Jabez Burns in my family tree, the Jabez
of this story was the nephew of Jabez Burns, the temperance Baptist
minster of Part 1. As you may remember, William Gibson Burns and
Jabez Burns were sons of the basket maker and vendor of worm
medicine Joseph Burn and his devout Wesleyan wife Mary. The Jabez of
this story is also the son of my 3rd great grandparents,William Gibson
Burns and Elizabeth Horrock (or Herrick in later records) and the brother of my 2nd great grandmother
Mary Burns McPherson.
Reportedly
he was born in London on the 12th of February 1826 and the
family moved to Dundee, Scotland when he was a small child. So far
very little verifiable information has turned up on their life in
Dundee. We do know, however, that his father was a basket maker
like his father before him and an ardent Chartist. Based on later
letters and speeches, the father William Gibson Burns was fairly well
educated for that time and place. It appears that a similar
education was most likely given to young Jabez because during his
first winter in America he taught in a country school in Summit, New
Jersey.
Although
the exact date of Jabez' emigration to America is yet unknown, it is
likely that is was between 1844 and 1845. His mother may have made
the journey with him or perhaps at a later date. According to later
writings, in about 1846 Jabez Burns was working as a “teamster”
for Henry Blair, a prominent coffee merchant. Blair attended the
little “Disciples” church on lower Sixth Avenue in New York City,
where many of the city's Scots congregated. Evidently, Blair
introduced Jabez Burns to the church and the attending Scots
community where Burns met and courted Agnes Brown, a young Scots
girl, a daughter of a Paisley weaver.
The 1850
Federal Census lists twenty-five year old Jabez Burns as living in
New York's 16th Ward, District 1, with his twenty-six year
old wife Agnes, their baby William, and Jabez's mother Elizabeth. At
this time, the 16th Ward, District 1, was comprised of
eight blocks of tenement buildings, bounded by West 22nd
Street and West 18th Street, between Sixth and Eighth
Avenues. Just a block away from New York's “North River” (Hudson
River) and the meat packing district and docks. Jabez was working
as a “cartman” – possibly this occupation was the same as being
a teamster for Henry Blair.
The next
decade was busy for Jabez and Agnes. Young William was joined by
three brothers (Jabez in 1853; Joseph in 1855; and Robert in 1857)
and the only sister (Agnes in 1858). Jabez was listed on the 1860
New York Census as a peddler, probably with the Globe Mills. A
biography in All About Coffee (published
by the Tea and Coffee Trade Journal), noted that he was not a
talented salesman, but learned all aspects of the coffee business,
from bookkeeping, to purchasing, to delivery,
During
this period he was also working on a number inventions, which the
struggling family hoped would add to their income. In 1858 he had a
patent for the Burns Addometer, a primitive adding machine. He was
reportedly always working on some kind of invention.
By 1860, according to the 1869 Federal
Census, Jabez had moved his family to the 16th Ward's
District 2, which was a bit further east, away from the river, meat
packing and docks – most likely a better place to live. The
1860s heralded the birth of their last three sons (James B in 1863;
Abraham Lincoln in 1866; and George Washington Burns in 1868) and on
September 19, 1864 he received his naturalized citizenship. It is
interesting to note that Jabez Burn's employer Thomas Reid of the
Globe Mills witnessed his citizenship proceedings.
In that same year of 1864, Jabez Burns
founded his trademark company, Jabez Burns & Sons, and began to
manufacture the improved coffee roaster which he invented. The
first location was on Warren Street in New York City, which was was
close to the docks on the east and to the west just a few blocks from
the notorious Five Points district. The company outgrew its
location several times. By 1908, the business moved to the northwest
corner of 11th Avenue and 43rd Street,
occupying a six story building which was doubled in size in 1917.
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1937 Image of the Jabez Burns & Sons Facility
11th Avenue & 42st Street West
Courtesty of NYPL Digital Library |
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Jabez had risen from a cartman, to a
peddler, to bookkeeper, an ertstwhile inventor, to founding a company
that has been referred to as the “unique coffee-machinery workshop,
the greatest of its kind in the United States.” The 1880s saw the
Jabez Burns family living in upscale Brooklyn, and several of his
sons attending Columbia University before entering the family
company. Several, and perhaps all of, his sons worked in the Jabez
Burns & Sons Company.
Burns was looked to as an authority in
the coffee industry because of his wide experience and also the
articles he wrote for the American Grocer. Then in 1878 he
began publishing the 32-page quarterly Spice Mill, which
gained great interest with the spice and coffee traders. He also
published a pocket volume called the Spice Mill Companion in
which he distributed valuable information on coffee, spices and
baking powder. His valuable advice, it was said, started a number
of coffee-roasters on the road to success.
Although the Burns family seemed to be
hard workers, they exhibited a strong sense of family and apparently
enjoyed playing music together. Jabez and his sons started and
participated in the Burns Amateur Brass Band. Jabez also took care of
his mother until her death in 1861. His father William Gibson Burns
was in the United States at least a couple of times, but it doesn't
appear that he lived with Jabez and Agnes for any length of time.
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circa 1880, Burns Amateur Brass Band, Brooklyn, NY
Frt. Row: George Washington, Jabez, Sr, and A. Lincoln Burns
Back Row could include: Wm G, Jabez Jr, Joseph, Robert and/or James Burns
Picture Courtesy of Margaret Burmeister Family |
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Death came to Jabez Burns on September
16, 1888 at the age of 62. His life was a true rags to riches story.
After his death, the business continued and prospered; first as the
firm of Jabez Burns and Sons, composed of his sons, Jabez, Robert,
and A.Lincoln Burns; and later, in 1906 as Jabez Burns & Sons,
Inc., with next generation making their appearance in the family
business. Jabez Burns & Sons continued designing, fabricating
and erecting entire facilities for the processing coffeee, cocoa, and
tea for 100 years until it was acquired by the Blaw-Knox Co. in 1964.
SOURCES:
1850
Census Report, 16th Ward, Dist. 1, NY NY
1860
New York Census, 16th Ward, Dist. 2, NY NY
1880
Census Report, Kings (Brooklyn) NY
1864
Sep 19 Naturalization Citizenship from Common Pleas Court, NY County
1888
Illustrated New York: The Metropolis of To-Day, International
Publishing Co., New York.
1922
All About Coffee,
William H. Ukers, editor, Tea and Coffee Trade Journal, New York